views.publish

Argument	Type	Description
`token`Required	token	Authentication token bearing required scopes. Tokens should be passed as an HTTP Authorization header or alternatively, as a POST parameter. Example`xxxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxx`
`user_id`Required	string	`id` of the user you want publish a view to. Example`U0BPQUNTA`
`view`Required		A view payload. This must be a JSON-encoded string.
`hash`	string	A string that represents view state to protect against possible race conditions. Example`156772938.1827394`

This method supports application/json via HTTP POST. Present your token in your request's Authorization header. Learn more.

Example responses

Common successful response

Typical success response includes the published view payload.

{
    "ok": true,
    "view": {
        "id": "VMHU10V25",
        "team_id": "T8N4K1JN",
        "type": "home",
        "close": null,
        "submit": null,
        "blocks": [
            {
                "type": "section",
                "block_id": "2WGp9",
                "text": {
                    "type": "mrkdwn",
                    "text": "A simple section with some sample sentence.",
                    "verbatim": false
                }
            }
        ],
        "private_metadata": "Shh it is a secret",
        "callback_id": "identify_your_home_tab",
        "state": {
            "values": {}
        },
        "hash": "156772938.1827394",
        "clear_on_close": false,
        "notify_on_close": false,
        "root_view_id": "VMHU10V25",
        "previous_view_id": null,
        "app_id": "AA4928AQ",
        "external_id": "",
        "bot_id": "BA13894H"
    }
}

Common error response

Typical error response, before getting to any possible validation errors.

{
    "ok": false,
    "error": "invalid_arguments",
    "response_metadata": {
        "messages": [
            "invalid `user_id`"
        ]
    }
}

Create or update the view that comprises an app's Home tab for a specific user.

Assuming your view object was properly formatted, valid, and the user_id was viable, you will receive a success response.

Errors

This table lists the expected errors that this method could return. However, other errors can be returned in the case where the service is down or other unexpected factors affect processing. Callers should always check the value of the ok params in the response.

Error	Description
`hash_conflict`	Error returned when the provided `hash` doesn't match the current stored value.
`duplicate_external_id`	Error returned when the given `external_id` has already be used.
`view_too_large`	Error returned if the provided view is greater than 250kb.
`not_enabled`	Error returned if a `home` view is published but the Home tab isn't enabled for the app.
`not_allowed_token_type`	The token type used in this request is not allowed.
`not_implemented`	The profile view experiment is not enabled for this user.
`missing_profile_id`	A profile id was not provided when trying to publish a view of type profile.
`not_authed`	No authentication token provided.
`invalid_auth`	Some aspect of authentication cannot be validated. Either the provided token is invalid or the request originates from an IP address disallowed from making the request.
`account_inactive`	Authentication token is for a deleted user or workspace when using a `bot` token.
`token_revoked`	Authentication token is for a deleted user or workspace or the app has been removed when using a `user` token.
`token_expired`	Authentication token has expired
`no_permission`	The workspace token used in this request does not have the permissions necessary to complete the request. Make sure your app is a member of the conversation it's attempting to post a message to.
`org_login_required`	The workspace is undergoing an enterprise migration and will not be available until migration is complete.
`ekm_access_denied`	Administrators have suspended the ability to post a message.
`missing_scope`	The token used is not granted the specific scope permissions required to complete this request.
`method_deprecated`	The method has been deprecated.
`deprecated_endpoint`	The endpoint has been deprecated.
`two_factor_setup_required`	Two factor setup is required.
`enterprise_is_restricted`	The method cannot be called from an Enterprise.
`invalid_arguments`	The method was either called with invalid arguments or some detail about the arguments passed are invalid, which is more likely when using complex arguments like blocks or attachments.
`invalid_arg_name`	The method was passed an argument whose name falls outside the bounds of accepted or expected values. This includes very long names and names with non-alphanumeric characters other than `_`. If you get this error, it is typically an indication that you have made a very malformed API call.
`invalid_array_arg`	The method was passed an array as an argument. Please only input valid strings.
`invalid_charset`	The method was called via a `POST` request, but the `charset` specified in the `Content-Type` header was invalid. Valid charset names are: `utf-8` `iso-8859-1`.
`invalid_form_data`	The method was called via a `POST` request with `Content-Type` `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` or `multipart/form-data`, but the form data was either missing or syntactically invalid.
`invalid_post_type`	The method was called via a `POST` request, but the specified `Content-Type` was invalid. Valid types are: `application/json` `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` `multipart/form-data` `text/plain`.
`missing_post_type`	The method was called via a `POST` request and included a data payload, but the request did not include a `Content-Type` header.
`team_added_to_org`	The workspace associated with your request is currently undergoing migration to an Enterprise Organization. Web API and other platform operations will be intermittently unavailable until the transition is complete.
`invalid_json` [hidden]	The method was called via a `POST` request with `Content-Type` `application/json`, but the body was not valid JSON.
`json_not_object` [hidden]	The method was called via a `POST` request a valid JSON body, but the JSON value was not an object.
`ratelimited`	The request has been ratelimited. Refer to the `Retry-After` header for when to retry the request.
`accesslimited`	Access to this method is limited on the current network
`request_timeout`	The method was called via a `POST` request, but the `POST` data was either missing or truncated.
`upgrade_required` [hidden]	The calling application needs to be upgraded.
`service_unavailable`	The service is temporarily unavailable
`fatal_error`	The server could not complete your operation(s) without encountering a catastrophic error. It's possible some aspect of the operation succeeded before the error was raised.
`internal_error`	The server could not complete your operation(s) without encountering an error, likely due to a transient issue on our end. It's possible some aspect of the operation succeeded before the error was raised.

Warnings

This table lists the expected warnings that this method will return. However, other warnings can be returned in the case where the service is experiencing unexpected trouble.

Warning	Description
`missing_charset`	The method was called via a `POST` request, and recommended practice for the specified `Content-Type` is to include a `charset` parameter. However, no `charset` was present. Specifically, non-form-data content types (e.g. `text/plain`) are the ones for which `charset` is recommended.
`superfluous_charset`	The method was called via a `POST` request, and the specified `Content-Type` is not defined to understand the `charset` parameter. However, `charset` was in fact present. Specifically, form-data content types (e.g. `multipart/form-data`) are the ones for which `charset` is superfluous.

API response

URL

POST body

Submit your arguments to see the API response

Calling views.publish

Java

JavaScript

Python

Java

import com.slack.api.bolt.App;
import com.slack.api.bolt.AppConfig;
import com.slack.api.bolt.jetty.SlackAppServer;
import com.slack.api.methods.SlackApiException;
import com.slack.api.model.event.AppHomeOpenedEvent;

import java.io.IOException;

import static com.slack.api.model.block.Blocks.*;
import static com.slack.api.model.block.composition.BlockCompositions.markdownText;
import static com.slack.api.model.block.element.BlockElements.asContextElements;
import static com.slack.api.model.view.Views.*;

public class ViewsPublish {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        var config = new AppConfig();
        config.setSingleTeamBotToken(System.getenv("SLACK_BOT_TOKEN"));
        config.setSigningSecret(System.getenv("SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET"));
        var app = new App(config); // `new App()` does the same

        app.event(AppHomeOpenedEvent.class, (req, ctx) -> {
            var logger = ctx.logger;
            var userId = req.getEvent().getUser();
            try {
                // Call the conversations.create method using the built-in WebClient
                var modalView = view(v -> v
                    .type("home")
                    .blocks(asBlocks(
                        section(s -> s.text(markdownText(mt ->
                            mt.text("*Welcome home, <@" + userId + "> :house:*")))),
                        section(s -> s.text(markdownText(mt ->
                            mt.text("About the simplest modal you could conceive of :smile:\\n\\nMaybe <https://api.slack.com/reference/block-kit/interactive-components|*make the modal interactive*> or <https://api.slack.com/surfaces/modals/using#modifying|*learn more advanced modal use cases*>.")))),
                        divider(),
                        context(c -> c.elements(asContextElements(
                            markdownText("Psssst this modal was designed using <https://api.slack.com/tools/block-kit-builder|*Block Kit Builder*>")
                        )))
                    ))
                );
                var result = ctx.client().viewsPublish(r -> r
                    // The token you used to initialize your app
                    .token(System.getenv("SLACK_BOT_TOKEN"))
                    .userId(userId)
                    .view(modalView)
                );
                // Print result
                logger.info("result: {}", result);
            } catch (IOException | SlackApiException e) {
                logger.error("error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            }
            return ctx.ack();
        });

        var server = new SlackAppServer(app);
        server.start();
    }

}

JavaScript

Code to initialize Bolt app
// Require the Bolt for JavaScript package (github.com/slackapi/bolt)
const { App, LogLevel } = require("@slack/bolt");

const app = new App({
  token: "xoxb-your-token",
  signingSecret: "your-signing-secret",
  // LogLevel can be imported and used to make debugging simpler
  logLevel: LogLevel.DEBUG
});
// Listen to the app_home_opened Events API event to hear when a user opens your app from the sidebar
app.event("app_home_opened", async ({ payload, client }) => {
  const userId = payload.user;
  
  try {
    // Call the views.publish method using the WebClient passed to listeners
    const result = await client.views.publish({
      user_id: userId,
      view: {
        // Home tabs must be enabled in your app configuration page under "App Home"
        "type": "home",
        "blocks": [
          {
            "type": "section",
            "text": {
              "type": "mrkdwn",
              "text": "*Welcome home, <@" + userId + "> :house:*"
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "section",
            "text": {
              "type": "mrkdwn",
              "text": "Learn how home tabs can be more useful and interactive <https://api.slack.com/surfaces/tabs/using|*in the documentation*>."
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "divider"
          },
          {
            "type": "context",
            "elements": [
              {
                "type": "mrkdwn",
                "text": "Psssst this home tab was designed using <https://api.slack.com/tools/block-kit-builder|*Block Kit Builder*>"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    });

    console.log(result);
  }
  catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
});
Code to run app
(async () => {
  // Start your app
  await app.start(process.env.PORT || 3000);

  console.log("⚡️ Bolt app is running!");
})();

Python

Code to initialize Bolt app
import os
# Import Bolt for Python (github.com/slackapi/bolt-python)
from slack_bolt import App

# Initializes your Bolt app with a bot token and signing secret
app = App(
    token="xoxb-your-token",
    signing_secret="your-signing-secret"
)
# Listen to the app_home_opened Events API event to hear when a user opens your app from the sidebar
@app.event("app_home_opened")
def app_home_opened(event, client, logger):
    user_id = event["user"]

    try:
        # Call the views.publish method using the WebClient passed to listeners
        result = client.views_publish(
            user_id=user_id,
            view={
                # Home tabs must be enabled in your app configuration page under "App Home"
                # and your app must be subscribed to the app_home_opened event
                "type": "home",
                "blocks": [
                    {
                        "type": "section",
                        "text": {
                            "type": "mrkdwn",
                            "text": "*Welcome home, <@{}> :house:*".format(user_id),
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        "type": "section",
                        "text": {
                            "type": "mrkdwn",
                            "text": "Learn how home tabs can be more useful and interactive <https://api.slack.com/surfaces/tabs/using|*in the documentation*>.",
                        },
                    },
                    {"type": "divider"},
                    {
                        "type": "context",
                        "elements": [
                            {
                                "type": "mrkdwn",
                                "text": "Psssst this home tab was designed using <https://api.slack.com/tools/block-kit-builder|*Block Kit Builder*>",
                            }
                        ],
                    },
                ],
            },
        )
        logger.info(result)

    except SlackApiError as e:
        logger.error("Error fetching conversations: {}".format(e))
Code to run app
# Start your app
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start(port=int(os.environ.get("PORT", 3000)))

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